Theory II
More discussion of how to theorize, and some examples
of good theorizing.
Topics
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Three exemplars:
Strength of Weak Ties theory, Consensus Theory, Exploitation/Exploration
theory
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Process and
variance models
Readings (descending priority)
- Strength of Weak Ties.
Granovetter,
M. (1973), "The Strength of Weak Ties," American Journal of
Sociology, 78 (6): 1360-1380 [^pdf]
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Romney, A. Kimball,. Susan C. Weller and William H. Batchelder.
1986. Culture as Consensus: A Theory of Culture and Informant
Accuracy.American Anthropologist 88:313
338 [^pdf]
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March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation
in organizational learning, Organizational science, 2, 71-87.
Handouts
- Borgatti and Kidwell. 2010.
Network Theory. Sage. [excerpt]
- Borgatti. Consensus Theory [html]
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Middle-range theory
Before class ...
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Please go through the Lave and March
'athletes are dumb' exercise from our first Theory class and
prepare a similar example in which you posit multiple theories and
generate testable implications that would distinguish among the
theories.
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Unlike the Lave and March exercise, pick an academically
interesting, non-trivial topic to theorize about, such as why
employees with more social ties are promoted faster.
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"This isn't right. It's
not even wrong."
-- Wolfgang Pauli, on a paper he was
asked to comment on
"The limits of my language mean the limits of my
world." -- Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922)
Optional
-
Borgatti, S.P, and Carboni, I. 2007. Measuring
individual knowledge in organizations. Organizational Research
Methods 10(3): 449-462. [pdf]
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Borgatti. 2008. Applied theory. Academy
of Management conference, Anaheim. (abridged) [pdf]
Links
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Bibliography
Highly Recommended
- Lave,
Charles A., and James G.
March.
1993(1975). An Introduction to Models in the
Social Sciences. New York: University Press of America
Management/Sociology Scholars on Theory
-
Mayhew, B. 1980. Structuralism vs.
individualism part 1: Shadow boxing in the dark. Social Forces
:335-375. [^pdf]
-
Weick, K. E. (1995).
What theory is not, theorizing is. Administrative Science
Quarterly, 40(3), 385-390
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Sutton, R. I., & Staw,
B. M. (1995). What theory is not. Administrative Science
Quarterly, 40(3), 371-384.
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Van Maanen,
J. (1995). Style as theory. Organization Science, 6(1),
133-143.
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Stinchcombe, Arthur. 1968. “Fundamental Forms of
Scientific Inference.” Pp. 15-28 in
Constructing Social Theories. New York: Harcourt,
Brace, and World.
-
The measurement problem: A gap between the
languages of theory and research by H. Blalock, ch. 1 in
Methodology in Social Research.
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Locke, E.A. and Latham, G.P. 2004. What should
we do about motivation theory?: six recommendations for the
twenty-first century. Academy of Management Review,
29(3): 388-403.
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Bacharach, S.B. 1989. Organizational theories:
Some criteria for evaluation. Academy of Management Review,
14(4):496-515.
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Reynolds, P.D., 1971, Forms of theories, ch. 5
in A Primer in Theory Construction by NY: Bobbs-Merrill
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Stinchcombe, A. The Logic of Social Research. U of Chicago
Press.
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Arthur L. Stinchcombe. 1991.
The Conditions of Fruitfulness of Theorizing
About Mechanisms in Social Science. Philosophy of the Social
Sciences, Vol. 21, No. 3, 367-388
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D.A.
Whetten, "What Constitutes a Theoretical Contribution?," Academy
of Management Review, Vol. 14, No. 4 (1989), pp. 490-495.
-
Ken G.
Smith, Michael A. Hitt (eds).
Great Minds in
Management: The Process of Theory Development: Especially
Hambrick chapter.
-
Robert
K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure.
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Lawrence, B. 1997. The Black Box of
Organizational Demography. Organization Science, Vol. 8, No.
1 (Jan. - Feb), pp. 1-22 [^pdf]
Philosophy of Science on Theory
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Lakatos,
I. (1971). History of science and its rational reconstruction.
In R. C. Buck & R. S. Cohen (Eds.), PSA. Reidel
-
Imre
Lakatos, "Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific
Research Programmes" in The Methodology of Scientific Research
Programmes, edited by John Worrall and Gregory Currie
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), 91
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Popper, Karl (1963), Conjectures and Refutations,
Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, UK, pp. 33–39. Reprinted in
Theodore Schick (ed., 2000), Readings in the Philosophy
of Science, Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View,
Calif., pp. 9–13.
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Kaplan, A. 1964 The Conduct of Iinquiry: Methodology for Social
Science. San Francisco: Chandler.
Process and
Variance Models
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Mohr, L.
1982. Explaining Organizational Behavior. SF: Jossey-Bass.
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Pfeffer.
Review of Mohr, L. 1982. Explaining Organizational Behavior. SF:
Jossey-Bass. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2
(Jun., 1983), pp. 321-325 [^pdf]
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Fichman
Variance explained: why size does not (always) matter (1999).
Research in organizational behavior [pdf]
Send mail to
sborgatti@uky.edu with
questions or comments about this web site. Copyright © 2008
by Steve Borgatti. Last modified:
12/07/10.
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